Coconut rhinoceros beetle native range8/10/2023 gigas has three to five long setae, whereas each claw of O. monoceros has raster teges with 78–120 small sharp setae and a lower anal lip with 60–80 similar setae ( Bedford, 1979). monoceros differs from other Oryctes species like Oryctes boas Fabricius and Oryctes gigas Verkrüzen by having a third tooth on the right mandible between the scissorial and molar sections. rhinoceros is widely distributed in South and Southeast Asia ( EPPO, 2021). monoceros is found across Africa, whereas O. monoceros is seen feeding on the growing point of palms in most occasions ( Philippe and Dery, 2004). rhinoceros are gregarious, however just a single O. monoceros, the anteroventral border of the prothoracic shield is rectilinear, whereas in Oryctes rhinoceros Linnaeus, it is scalloped and more concave ( Hurpin and Fresneau, 1970). Despite the species’ similarities, morphometric features on different life stages, such as adults and larvae, have been critical in distinguishing these species. There are over 40 Oryctes species worldwide ( Bedford, 1976). However, predictions of potential suitable climate regions for preventive and quarantine measures are generally lacking for O. monoceros has been reported primarily in Africa ( Philippe and Dery, 2004 Allou et al., 2006 Edijala et al., 2009 Bila et al., 2019 EPPO, 2021), and Middle East ( Arrow, 1937 NHM, 1938 Lepesme, 1947 EPPO, 2021). monoceros feeding exposes palms to secondary infestation by the African palm weevil, Rhynchophorus phoenicis L., which enters the palms via holes or galleries created by O. The beetle directly stunts the growth of the palms by boring and laying eggs in the soft growing points ( Bedford, 2013). monoceros inflicts damage to palms in both direct and indirect ways. monoceros attacks non-palm hosts, such as Saccharum officinarum L., Ananas comosus L., and Musa paradisiaca L. ( Bedford, 2014), and Cocos nucifera L., is responsible for about 40% of coconut losses in tropical Africa ( Allou et al., 2006). ( Kabiru et al., 2014), Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. The African rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes monoceros (Olivier Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), as a serious pest of palms such as Phoenix dactylifera L. These outputs provide a solid theoretical foundation for O. monoceros is predominantly concentrated along Africa’s west and east coastlines, Asia’s south coasts, South America’s north and east coasts, and a few locations spread over North America’s southern coasts and coastal regions. The model predicts that habitat suitability for O. We also found that the projected potential distributions of the pest’s habitats in all future global warming scenarios exceeded its present known distribution. Our results significance of environmental variables showed that the annual temperature variation (39.45%), seasonality of temperature (23.00%), the isothermality (18.76%), precipitation of the hottest quarter months (6.07%), average variation of day time temperature (3.27%), were relatively important environmental factors that affected the distribution O. monoceros and create risk maps for the pest using the Boosted Regression Tree model. By combining environmental variables and occurrence records, we were able to assess environmental risk factors for O. However, information on how climate change alters geographical distribution of O. monoceros life history has been an important issue recently, given its sensitivity to thermal conditions. Analyzing the effect of climate change on major parameters of O. The African rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes monoceros (Olivier), as the most damaging pest of palms, banana, sugarcane, and pineapple, severely threatens their production due to its ability to kill both young and matured hosts. Understanding the mechanisms of pests’ outbreaks and invasion is critical in giving sound suggestions on their control and prevention strategies.
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